The Difference Between Complex PTSD and PTSD
By Misty Newman, CMHC, Owner of Mountain Valley Counseling
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a well-known mental health condition that can develop after an individual experiences or witnesses a traumatic event. However, not all trauma experiences lead to PTSD, and in some cases, trauma can result in a more complex form of the disorder known as Complex PTSD (C-PTSD). While both conditions involve symptoms of trauma, they differ in their causes, symptoms, and impact on a person’s life. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment.
PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder)
PTSD typically results from a single traumatic event, such as a car accident, natural disaster, physical assault, or combat exposure. It can also occur after witnessing a traumatic event. Symptoms of PTSD often include:
- Intrusive memories: Flashbacks or vivid, distressing memories of the event.
- Avoidance: Avoiding reminders of the trauma, such as places, people, or conversations.
- Negative mood: Persistent negative emotions, including fear, guilt, or shame.
- Hyperarousal: Increased anxiety, irritability, difficulty sleeping, and being easily startled.
PTSD can affect anyone who has been through a traumatic event, and symptoms can range from mild to severe. With appropriate treatment, many individuals with PTSD can recover or manage their symptoms over time.
Complex PTSD (C-PTSD)
Complex PTSD, on the other hand, typically develops after prolonged or repeated exposure to trauma, especially when that trauma occurs in a context of powerlessness or helplessness, such as in cases of ongoing abuse, neglect, or captivity. It is most commonly seen in individuals who have experienced chronic trauma over months or years, such as survivors of childhood abuse, domestic violence, or human trafficking.
In addition to the core symptoms of PTSD, individuals with C-PTSD may experience:
- Difficulty with emotional regulation: Struggling to manage or express emotions in healthy ways.
- Negative self-concept: A pervasive feeling of worthlessness or deep shame.
- Relationship difficulties: Challenges with trust, intimacy, or maintaining healthy boundaries in relationships.
- Dissociation: Feeling detached from one’s body or reality as a way of coping with overwhelming emotions.
- Sense of hopelessness: A deep sense of despair about the future and one’s ability to experience safety or happiness.
Key Differences
While both PTSD and C-PTSD involve responses to trauma, the major difference lies in the nature and duration of the traumatic experiences. PTSD is often a response to a single traumatic event, whereas C-PTSD is typically the result of repeated, chronic trauma. As a result, C-PTSD tends to involve more pervasive and deeply ingrained emotional, relational, and psychological challenges.
Treatment Considerations
Both PTSD and C-PTSD are treatable with therapy, though C-PTSD often requires a more comprehensive, long-term approach. Many people that have Cluster B personality disorders like Borderline Personality, Narcissistic Personality have a history of complex trauma. In fact, sometimes it can be difficult to distinguish symptoms of C-PTSD and those of Borderline Personality. For those with C-PTSD, treatment may also include working on emotional regulation, building healthier relationships, and addressing underlying trauma-related issues.
At Mountain Valley Counseling, we are dedicated to helping individuals understand the impacts of trauma and supporting them through healing. If you or someone you know is struggling with PTSD or C-PTSD, seeking professional support can be a transformative step toward recovery. Give us a call at 435-233-6098 or email at amandashin@mvccutah.com to get scheduled with our intake coordinator.
